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Fine particulate pollution (PM2.5)

Annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in µg/m³. The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³.

8.0 µg/m³
+11.1% vs 2024

As of 2025

Historical trend

Trend summary

Fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) was 8.0 µg/m³ in 2025, up from 7.2 µg/m³ in 2024.

Trend

  • Over the available record (2009–2025), it has ranged from 7.2 µg/m³ in 2024 to 12 µg/m³ in 2010.
  • The latest reading is below the record average of 9.2 µg/m³.

Context

  • DEFRA Air Quality Statistics (Figure 6) report annual mean PM2.5 at urban background monitoring sites across the UK.
  • The WHO PM2.5 guideline of 5 µg/m³ was tightened in 2021; UK regulations require an annual mean below 10 µg/m³ by 2040 in England.

Generated from the published series — describes direction, magnitude and range only, with no editorial judgement or forecasts.

OECD comparison

🇨🇦 Canada
6.4 µg/m³
🇺🇸 United States
7.9 µg/m³
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
8.0 µg/m³
🇩🇪 Germany
10 µg/m³
🇫🇷 France
11 µg/m³
🇯🇵 Japan
11 µg/m³
🇮🇹 Italy
15 µg/m³

About this indicator

Source
DEFRA
Update frequency
Annual
Last updated
18 August 2026
Next update
18 August 2027
Licence
OGL v3
Direction
↑ Rising

Statistics

Latest
8.0µg/m³
Period high
8.0µg/m³
Period low
7.2µg/m³
Period average
7.6µg/m³