Net migration
Difference between people arriving in and leaving the UK for 12 months or more.
171,000
-48.3% vs 2024
As of 2025
Historical trend
Breakdown
Long-term immigration
799,000 Long-term emigration
373,000 Trend summary
Net migration was 171,000 in 2025, down from 331,000 in 2024.
Trend
- Over the available record (2012–2025), it has ranged from 93,000 in 2020 to 891,000 in 2022.
- The latest reading is below the record average of 338,857.
Context
- ONS net migration estimates are based on the International Passenger Survey and administrative data; they are revised as more data becomes available.
- Long-term international migration is defined as a change of usual country of residence for at least 12 months.
Generated from the published series — describes direction, magnitude and range only, with no editorial judgement or forecasts.